Jean Fouquet Paints the Earliest Portrait Miniature and Possibly the Earliest Formal Self-Portrait

In 1452 or 1453 French panel painter and manuscript illuminator Jean (or Jehan) Fouquet painted the first portrait miniature, a circular self-portrait, preserved in the Louvre. 

Fouquet's self-portrait miniature might be the earliest sole self-portrait surviving in Western art. However, most art historians believe that Jan van Eyck's painting known as Portrait of a Man with a Turban, painted about twenty years earlier in 1433, and preserved in the National Gallery, London, is a self-portrait.