3874 entries. Last updated May 21, 2013.

8,000 BCE to 1,000 BCE Timeline Outline

  • Eras
  • Themes

In Mesopotamia Neolithic Tokens are Developed for "Concrete" Counting
(Circa 8,000 BCE)

The Earliest Known Fermented Beverage
(Circa 7,000 BCE)

In China, Possibly the Earliest Attempt at Writing
(Circa 6,600 BCE)

A  wallpainting, located in Catal Hoyuk, that might be the earliest landscape painting yet discovered, or a map. (View Larger)
A Wallpainting that Could be a Landscape or a Map
(Circa 6,200 BCE)

<p><span class=Bos primigenius (auroch).

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Domestication of the Aurochs, Ancestors of Domestic Cattle
(Circa 6,000 BCE)

<p>Fragment of clay sieve from central Europe.  Credit: Mélanie Salque.</p>
The Earliest Evidence of Cheese-Making in Europe
(Circa 5,500 BCE – 5,000 BCE)

<p>The remains of the settlement made of two-story houses near the town of Provadia.</p>
The Earliest Prehistoric Town in Europe
(Circa 4,700 BCE – 4,200 BCE)

The First Settlements in the Paris Basin
(Circa 4,200 BCE)

From National Geographic. (View Larger)
The Earliest Known Winery
(Circa 4,000 BCE)

The Earliest Precursors to Writing in Egypt are Rock Drawings
(Circa 3,750 BCE)

One Theory of the Origins of Egyptian Hieroglyphs
(Circa 3,600 BCE – 3,200 BCE)

The Botai culture originated from the Akmola province of Kazakhstan, highlighted in green. (View Larger)
Horse Domestication Revolutionizes Transportation, Communication, and Warfare
(Circa 3,500 BCE)

The Areni-1 shoe. (View Larger)
The Oldest Known Well-Preserved Leather Shoe
(Circa 3,500 BCE)

<p>Bronocice clay pot showing wheeled cart.</p>
The Earliest Images of a Wheeled Vehicle
(Circa 3,500 BCE – 3,350 BCE)

<p>Ivory tags from tomb U-j.</p>
The Earliest Known Egyptian Writing
(Circa 3,320 BCE – 3,150 BCE)

<p>Model of Ötzi the Iceman in exhibit at the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology.</p>
The First Prehistoric Human Ever Found with his Everyday Clothing and Equipment
(Circa 3,300 BCE)

Cuneiform Writing in Mesopotomia Begins at Uruk in Association with the…
(Circa 3,200 BCE – 2,900 BCE)

One of the Earliest Surviving Examples of Narrative Relief Sculpture and…
(Circa 3,200 BCE)

A side-view of the Warka Vase, before the invasion of Iraq. (View Larger)
One of the Earliest Surviving Works of Narrative Relief Sculpture, Looted…
(Circa 3,200 BCE – 3,000 BCE)

The Oldest-Known List of Titles and Occupations
(Circa 3,200 BCE)

<p>Seal impression with the name of Narmer from Tarkhan.</p>
The Earliest Inscription Written in Hieratic
(3,200 BCE)

The Word Bibliography is Derived from a Greek Word for Papyrus
(Circa 3,100 BCE – 3,050 BCE)

A pictographic list of titles and professions in ancient Sumeria (top), with the scribe's signature on the reverse side (bottom.) (View Larger)
The Earliest Autograph Signatures
(Circa 3,100 BCE)

Hammurabi (1792-1750 BCE), the most famous of the early Babylonian kings. (View Larger)
Education in the Bronze Age in the Middle East
(Circa 3,000 BCE – 1,200 BCE)

The hieroglyphic name of Hemaka, highlighted in red.
The Oldest Known Papyrus Roll - Blank
(Circa 2,900 BCE)

<p>Bristlecone pinetree nickednamed Methuselah.</p>
The Oldest Non-Clonal, Acknowledged Living Organism
(Circa 2,832 BCE)

Pavlopetri: the Oldest Submerged Town Site
(2,800 BCE)

The First Securely Datable Mathematical Table in World History
(Circa 2,600 BCE)

The Wooden Panels of Hesy-Ra: Government Official, Physician, and Scribe
(Circa 2,600 BCE – 2,500 BCE)

The Abu Salbikh Tablet Lost in the Iraq War
(Circa 2,500 BCE)

The Origins of Glassmaking
(Circa 2,500 BCE – 1,250 BCE)

The Sitting Posture of Egyptian Scribes and How They Stored Papyrus Rolls.
(Circa 2,500 BCE)

<p>Ebla Tablet</p>
The Palace Archive of Ebla, Syria
(2,500 BCE – 2250)

One of the Oldest, Largest & Best Preserved Vessels from Antiquity
(Circa 2,500 BCE)

The Earliest Known Egyptian Papyri
(2,500 BCE)

<p>Photo of wharf at low tide, Wadi al-Jarf</p>
The World's Oldest Harbor
(Circa 2,500 BCE)

Pyramid texts located in Teti I's pyramid. (View Larger)
The Oldest Known Religious Texts
(Circa 2,400 BCE – 2,300 BCE)

The Urra=hubullu, currently preserved at the Louvre Museum in Paris. (View Larger)
The Earliest Known Dictionaries
(Circa 2,300 BCE)

MS 5106 of the Schoyen Collection, a brick printing block with a large loop handle from the period of Naram-Sîn. (View larger)
The Earliest Printing was Stamped into Soft Clay in Mesopotamia
(Circa 2,291 BCE – 2,254 BCE)

A reproduction of one of the oldest known Mesopotamian medical texts, dating from the Ur III period. (View Larger)
One of the Oldest Known Ancient Mesopotamian Medical Texts
(2,112 BCE – 2,004 BCE)

The Code of Ur-Nammu.
The Oldest Known Tablet Containing a Legal Code
(2,100 BCE – 2,050 BCE)

A section of the Prisse Papyrus, which is believed to be the earliest known document written on papyrus. (View Larger)
One of the Earliest Surviving Documents Written on Papyrus
(Circa 2,000 BCE)

Sides A (left) and B (right) of the Phaistos Disc. (View Larger)
"The World's First Typewritten Document" - James Chadwick
(Circa 2,000 BCE – 1,700 BCE)

Several problems from the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus. (View Larger)
The Older of the Two Best-Known Mathematical Papyri
(Circa 2,000 BCE)

One of the Earliest Medical and Mathematical Documents
(Circa 2,000 BCE)

The Earliest Surviving Literary or Library Catalogues
(Circa 2,000 BCE)

Fragments of the Ramesseum Papyrus.
The Oldest Surviving Illustrated Papyrus Roll
(Circa 1,980 BCE)

Plimpton 322 (View Larger)
The Most Famous Document of Babylonian Mathematics
(Circa 1,900 BCE – 1,700 BCE)

The obverse and reverse sides of YBC 7289. Images by Image by West Semitic Research.(View Larger)
Illustrating the Pythagorean Theorem and the Square Root of Two
(Circa 1,900 BCE – 1,700 BCE)

Probably the Most Ancient Surviving Fermented Beverages
(Circa 1,900 BCE – 700 BCE)

The Oldest Known Medical Papyrus
(Circa 1,800 BCE)

YBC 7287, a Babylonian mathematical tablet preserved at Yale, circa 1800-1600 B.C.E. (View Larger)
Thousands of Cuneiform Tablets Document Babylonian Mathematics
(1,800 BCE – 1,600 BCE)

Probably the Earliest Surviving Recipe for Making Beer
(Circa 1,800 BCE)

The upper part of the stele containing the Code of Hammurabi. (View Larger)
The Code of Hammurabi
(Circa 1,760 BCE)

YBC 4644, one of three tablets in Yale's collection inscribed with ancient recipes.
The Earliest Surviving Recipes
(Circa 1,700 BCE)

The Rigveda
(Circa 1,700 BCE – 1,100 BCE)

The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus. (View Larger)
“Accurate Reckoning for Inquiring into Things, and the Knowledge of All…
(Circa 1,650 BCE)

The Oldest Surgical Treatise
(Circa 1,600 BCE)

The Largest Surviving Medical Treatise from Ancient Mesopotamia
(Circa 1,600 BCE)

The Nebra Sky Disk. (View Larger)
The Nebra Sky Disk
(1,600 BCE)

Papyrus Ebers (View Larger)
The Most Extensive Record of Ancient Egyptian Medicine
(Circa 1,550 BCE)

Two Egyptian scribal palettes preserved in the British Museum. (View Larger)
Egyptian Scribal Palettes with Ink Wells and Brushes
(Circa 1,550 BCE – 1450)

In Ancient Egypt Only the "Book of the Dead" Papyri Were Commercially Produced
(Circa 1,550 BCE – 50 BCE)

EA 5645 of the British Museum: the Words of Khakheperresoneb written on a wooden writing board. (View Larger)
Wooden Writing Board Containing Text of the Words of Khakheperresoneb
(Circa 1,500 BCE)

The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions, the Earliest Evidence for Alphabetic Writing
(Circa 1,500 BCE)

Survey of Ancient Libraries and Archives in the Near East
(1,500 BCE – 300 BCE)

One of the Earliest Known Examples of Writing in Europe
(Circa 1,490 BCE – 1,390 BCE)

An ancient Egyptian wooden drawing board inscribed with a picture of Thutmose III. It is preserved in the British Library as EA 5645. (View Larger)
Wooden Drawing Board with a figure of Thutmose III
(Circa 1,450 BCE)

The Ostracon from ‘Izbet Sartah (1200–1000 BCE) showing characters of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet.
The Proto-Canaanite Alphabet
(1,450 BCE – 1,050 BCE)

The Oldest Surviving Water Clock or Clepsydra
(1,417 BCE – 1,379 BCE)

The Earliest Surviving Detailed Bibliographical Entries
(Circa 1,400 BCE)

The Earliest Bookplates, or Ex-Libris
(1,391 BCE – 1,353 BCE)

The Uluburun Shipwreck
(1,375 BCE)

ME E29785 of the British Museum: A letter from Burnaburiash, a king of the Kassite dynasty of Babylonia, to Amenhotep IV. The tablet is one of the Amarna Letters. (View Larger)
Archive of Egyptian Diplomatic Correspondence Written in the Diplomatic…
(Circa 1,360 BCE – 1,330 BCE)

One of the twelve tablets--of the 1200 discovered by Austen Henry Layard in Ninveh--upon which the Epic of Gilgamesh was recorded. (View larger)
The Epic of Gilgamesh
(Circa 1,300 BCE – 1,000 BCE)

A self-portrait of the scribe Sesh, arms raised in the presentation of a papyrus scroll and possibly a writing palette. Preserved in the Schoyen Collection as MS 1695. (View Larger)
Self-Portrait of an Egyptian Scribe with his Autograph Signature
(Circa 1,292 BCE – 1,069 BCE)

<p>Papyrus from the <em>Book of the Dead</em> of Ani.</p>
The Papyrus of Ani
(Circa 1,275 BCE – 1,250 BCE)

The Merneptah Stele (View Larger)
The Only Ancient Egyptian Document that Mentions Israel
(1,209 BCE – 1,208 BCE)

The Earliest Chinese Inscriptions that are Indisputably Writing
(Circa 1,200 BCE – 1,050 BCE)

The Chester Beatty Medical Papyrus. (View Larger)
Diseases of the Anus and Headaches
(1,200 BCE)

Tyrian Purple.
Imperial Purple
(1,200 BCE)

A bronze guang, or ritualistic wine vessel, of the Shang dynasty. (View Larger)
The Earliest Chinese Inscriptions in Bronze
(Circa 1,200 BCE – 1,045 BCE)

A papyrus of the 'Discourse of the Gods' section of the Great Harris Papyrus, showing Ramesses III before the Triad of Thebes. (View Larger)
The Longest Known Egyptian Papyrus
(Circa 1,186 BCE – 1,155 BCE)