One of the oldest fragments of a Hebrew manuscript written and preserved in Europe is probably a Latin palimpsest written on fragments of a Hebrew roll which contained liturgy for Yom Kippur. Estimated to date from about the beginning of the eighth century, it is preserved at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek,
Malachi Beit-Arié, "How Hebrew Manuscripts are Made," Gold (ed.) A Sign and a Witness. 2000 Years of Hebrew Books and Illuminated Manuscripts (1988) 36.