In October 1798 French printer, engineer and linguist Jean Joseph Marcel issued from Alexandria, Egypt, Alphabet arabe, turk et persan, à l’usage de l’imprimerie orientale et française. This pamphlet of 22 pages was the first book printed in Egypt and the first book from Napoleon's press in Egypt before Marcel established it in Cairo as the Imprimerie nationale. The press in Cairo was known as Imprimerie orientale et française.
